City of Strasbourg Silver (gilt) Medal, a former medal with City Coat of Arms and Ten Arms of the Cities of the, Early February 2011, principal photography for, Several works have specifically been dedicated to Strasbourg Cathedral, notably, This page was last edited on 5 November 2022, at 00:36. At present the A35 autoroute, which parallels the Rhine between Karlsruhe and Basel, and the A4 autoroute, which links Paris with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. Gregory of Tours was the first to mention the name change: in the tenth book of his History of the Franks written shortly after 590 he said that Egidius, Bishop of Reims, accused of plotting against King Childebert II of Austrasia in favor of his uncle King Chilperic I of Neustria, was tried by a synod of Austrasian bishops in Metz in November 590, found guilty and removed from the priesthood, then taken "ad Argentoratensem urbem, quam nunc Strateburgum vocant" ("to the city of Argentoratum, which they now call Strateburgus"), where he was exiled.[16]. Train services operate from the Gare de Strasbourg, the city's main station in the city centre, eastward to Offenburg and Karlsruhe in Germany, westward to Metz and Paris, and southward to Basel. This border is formed by the Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. Some other notable dates were the years 357 (Battle of Argentoratum), 842 (Oaths of Strasbourg), 1538 (establishment of the university), 1605 (world's first newspaper printed by Johann Carolus), 1792 (La Marseillaise), and 1889 (pancreatic origin of diabetes discovered by Minkowski and Von Mering). The Jardin botanique de l'Universit de Strasbourg (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the Observatory of Strasbourg, built in 1881, and still owns some greenhouses of those times. Five communes in the metropolitan area also have museums (see below), three of them dedicated to military history. The third highest temperature ever recorded was 39.5C (103.1F) in August 2003, during the 2003 European heat wave. Paroles de Gaulois", "Distance entre Paris et Strasbourg en voiture", "Strasbourg Climate Strasbourg Temperatures Strasbourg Weather Averages", "Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Strasbourg", "Les climats en France - Ressources pour les enseignants - Ressources lmentaire", "Canicule de juin 2019: retour sur un pisode exceptionnel", "Record de froid: -15 degrs Strasbourg cette nuit", "Daily measurements for Strasbourg and Alsace", "Outlines of the urban transportation policy led by the urban community of Strasbourg", "Normes et records 19611990: Strasbourg-Entzheim (67) altitude 150m", "Muse Archologique - Strasbourg De la Prhistoire au Moyen-ge en Alsace", "Strasbourg - Eglise protestante Saint-Thomas", "Parc de la Citadelle with remains of the Vauban fortress", "Antiquits gyptiennes Muse Archologique", "The Christmas Markets: a success story dating back to 1570", Strasbourg ouvre une grande mdiathque sur le port, "La bibliothque ancienne du Grand Sminaire", "Europe's New Trams Are Reviving a Golden Age of Transit", "Strasbourg: une bauche de ZAD contre le projet de grand contournement ouest", "Strasbourg Public Transportation Statistics", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "List of international institutions in Strasbourg", "Comparative Law Academy: the ECHR and the FCC", "Cache Numismatics - All Things Numismatic", "British towns twinned with French towns", "Wolfgng Amadeus Mozart: Konzert fr Violine und Orchester in D-Dur, KV 218", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&oldid=1120074605, Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 19611990), Prints and drawings until 1871 are displayed in the, Artefacts from Ancient Egypt are on display in two entirely different collections, one in the. The most recent park is Parc du Heyritz (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the hpital civil. Strasbourg is divided into the following districts:[31]. Strasbourg (UK: /strzbr/,[4] US: /strsbr, strz-, -br/,[5] French:[stasbu] (listen); German: Straburg [tasbk] (listen); Bas Rhin Alsatian: Strossburi [dsbui] (listen), Haut Rhin Alsatian: Strossburig[6] [dsbui] (listen)) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the European Parliament. The airport is linked to the Gare de Strasbourg by a frequent train service. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the fortification of the city. Among the darkest periods in the city's long history were the years 1349 (Strasbourg massacre), 1518 (Dancing plague), 1793 (Reign of Terror), 1870 (Siege of Strasbourg) and the years 19401944 with the Nazi occupation (atrocities such as the Jewish skeleton collection) and the British and American bombing raids. The city is some 397 kilometres (247mi) east of Paris. It was also one of the first centres of the printing industry with pioneers such as Johannes Gutenberg, Johannes Mentelin, and Heinrich Eggestein. [67][68], City transport in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway, which opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8km (34.7mi). The lowest temperature ever recorded was 15.9C (3.4F) during an historic cold wave in December 1938. Kiehl's Since 1851. Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. The fertile area in the Upper Rhine Plain between the rivers Ill and Rhine had already been populated since the Middle Paleolithic.[28][29]. [20] The city has hot, sunny summers and cool, overcast winters. Delegates from the city took part in the Protestation at Speyer. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. This concerns in particular the following domains: The Universit de Strasbourg is in charge of a number of permanent public displays of its collections of scientific artefacts and products of all kinds of exploration and research. Strasbourg is situated at the eastern border of France with Germany. The L'Occitane doesn't contain lanoline, whereas Kiehl's hand cream is not paraben free. Up until January 2009, there were three universities in Strasbourg, with an approximate total of 48,500 students as of 2007[update] (another 4,500 students are being taught at one of the diverse post-graduate schools):[56]. As of 2020, the city of Strasbourg has eleven municipal museums (including Aubette 1928),[40] eleven university museums,[41] and at least two privately owned museums (Muse vodou and Muse du barreau de Strasbourg). With more than 500km (311mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vlhop. Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by Andr le Ntre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Josphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban;[37] the Parc de Pourtals, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel,[38] and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture. [7] Strasbourg's metropolitan area had a population of 846,450 in 2018,[3] making it the eighth-largest metro area in France and home to 14% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. The city lies in the Upper Rhine Plain, at between 132 metres (433ft) and 151 metres (495ft) above sea level, with the upland areas of the Vosges Mountains some 20km (12mi) to the west and the Black Forest 25km (16mi) to the east. Together with Basel (Bank for International Settlements), Geneva (United Nations), The Hague (International Court of Justice) and New York City (United Nations world headquarters), Strasbourg is among the few cities in the world that is not a state capital that hosts international organisations of the first order. [62] After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, planned to construct a 24-kilometre-long (15mi) highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and A352 autoroutes in the south. [76] The women's tennis Internationaux de Strasbourg is one of the most important French tournaments of its kind outside Roland-Garros. The city has many bridges, including the medieval and four-towered Ponts Couverts that, despite their name, are no longer covered. Other bridges are the ornate 19th-century Pont de la Fonderie (1893, stone) and Pont d'Auvergne (1892, iron), as well as architect Marc Mimram's futuristic Passerelle over the Rhine, opened in 2004. [23][24] Nonetheless, the progressive disappearance of heavy industry on both banks of the Rhine, as well as effective measures of traffic regulation in and around the city have reduced air pollution in recent years. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the cole internationale des Pontonniers (the former Hhere Mdchenschule, with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles[35] and the Haute cole des arts du Rhin with its lavishly ornate faade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.[36]. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transport is 9 min and 11% of passengers wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day. "[60], The municipal library Bibliothque municipale de Strasbourg (BMS) administrates a network of ten medium-sized librairies in different areas of the town. Next to the Ponts Couverts is the Barrage Vauban, a part of Vauban's 17th-century fortifications, that does include a covered bridge. [17] The mouth of the Rhine lies approximately 450 kilometres (280mi) to the north, or 650 kilometres (400mi) as the river flows, whilst the head of navigation in Basel is some 100 kilometres (62mi) to the south, or 150 kilometres (93mi) by river. Honours associated with the city of Strasbourg. [12], Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. We compare the two products based on their ingredients and safety information. Strasbourg (UK: / s t r z b r /, US: / s t r s b r , s t r z-,-b r /, French: (); German: Straburg [tasbk] (); Bas Rhin Alsatian: Strossburi [dsbui] (), Haut Rhin Alsatian: Strossburig [dsbui] ()) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the . In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque glise Saint-tienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids; the part-Romanesque, part-Gothic, very large glise Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played;[32][33] the Gothic glise protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century; the Gothic glise Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture; the Gothic glise Saint-Jean; the part-Gothic, part-Art Nouveau glise Sainte-Madeleine etc. After the defeat of France in 1940 (World War II), Strasbourg came under German control again through formal annexation into the Gau Baden-Elsa under the Nazi Gauleiter Robert Wagner; since the end of 1944, it has again been a French city. After the fifth century CE the city became known by a completely different name, later Gallicized as Strasbourg (Lower Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straburg). That canal has since closed, but the subsequent Canal du Rhne au Rhin, Canal de la Marne au Rhin and Grand Canal d'Alsace are still in use, as is the important activity of the Port autonome de Strasbourg. L'Occitane hand cream seems to be healing powers just as well. Serum. [11] Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second-largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. This record was broken, on June 30, 2019, when it reached 40.7C (105.3F) [21] and then on July 25, 2019, when it reached 38.9C (102.0F). The average distance people usually travel in a single trip on public transport is 3.9km (2.4mi), whilst none travels for more than 12km (7.5mi) in a single direction. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style. Other buildings of its kind are the "Htel de Hanau" (1736, now the city hall); the Htel de Klinglin (1736, now residence of the prfet); the Htel des Deux-Ponts (1755, now residence of the military governor); the Htel d'Andlau-Klinglin (1725, now seat of the administration of the Port autonome de Strasbourg) etc. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. Immortelle Reset Overnight Reset Oil-In Serum. Impressive examples of Prussian military architecture of the 1880s can be found along the newly reopened Rue du Rempart, displaying large-scale fortifications among which the aptly named Kriegstor (war gate). [30] In 1262, the citizens violently rebelled against the bishop's rule (Battle of Hausbergen) and Strasbourg became a free imperial city. The Parc des Contades, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. It means that the network adaptations favour active transport and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. That name is of Germanic origin and means 'town (at the crossing) of roads'. [25], The Roman camp of Argentoratum was first mentioned in 12 BC; the city of Strasbourg which grew from it celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1988. The futuristic Parc des Poteries is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. Powerful-Strength Line-Reducing Concentrate 12.5% Vitamin C. Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the bishops of Strasbourg; their rule was reinforced in 873 and then more in 982. [72], The average amount of time people spend commuting on public transport in Strasbourg on weekdays is 52 min. Being on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. Schools part of the Universit de Strasbourg include: For middle school/junior high school education:[57], For senior high school/sixth form college:[57], The Bibliothque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles,[59] the second-largest library in France after the Bibliothque nationale de France. As of 1 January 2009, those three universities have merged and now constitute the Universit de Strasbourg. Notable squares of the German district include Place de la Rpublique, Place de l'Universit, Place Brant, and Place Arnold. [22], Strasbourg's location in the Rhine valley, sheltered from strong winds by the Vosges and Black Forest mountains, results in poor natural ventilation, making Strasbourg one of the most atmospherically polluted cities of France. Strasbourg played an important part in the Protestant Reformation, with personalities such as John Calvin, Martin Bucer, Wolfgang Capito, Matthew and Katharina Zell, but also in other aspects of Christianity such as German mysticism, with Johannes Tauler, Pietism, with Philipp Spener, and Reverence for Life, with Albert Schweitzer. Only the part of the urban area on French territory. [70] The GCO project was opposed by environmentalists, who created a ZAD (or Zone to Defend). [9] The city is the seat of many non-European international institutions such as the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights. The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. The city is home to SN Strasbourg, a First division water polo team that plays its home games at the Piscine de la Kibitzenau. According to a 1444 census, the population was circa 20,000; only one third less than Cologne, then a major European city.[52]. In 2019, the city proper had 287,228 inhabitants and both the Euromtropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 505,272 inhabitants. [71] After much delay, the GCO was finally inaugurated on 11 December 2021. An organization separate from the European Union, the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines most commonly known in French as "Pharmacope Europenne", and its European Audiovisual Observatory) is also located in the city. 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